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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
تنظیم مشترک
The rating schemes for mobile phone, video online and computer games content derive from 'purer' forms of self-regulation1 but have morphed into a much more institutional form, while ICSTIS and NICAM are statute-derived co-regulators.
Premium content in fixed and mobile telephony has been regulated by SROs over an extensive period (over fifteen years in the case of UK co-regulator ICSTIS with significant recent controversy and scrutiny
Industry (DTI)) to co-regulate premium rate services (PRS).
6 See further on advertising co-regulation, Dacko and Hart (2005), pp. 2-15.
The phone-in quiz scandal demonstrates exactly the cracks in the ICSTIS co-regulation model: the regulator Ofcom is seen to have devolved even those powers it retains to the co-regulator.
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